Redes neuronales con Delphi - Neural net with Delphi

En este post os presento el componente TFFNN que os ayudará a realizar redes neuronales.

Utiliza el algoritmo de retropropagación o propagación hacia atrás de los errores (en inglés backpropagation), método usado habitualmente para el entrenamiento de redes.



Se puede descargar desde aquí



www.datalandsoftware.com/files/ffnn.zip



Descomprimimos el componente sobre una carpeta llamada (p.ej) "redes neuronales" y desde nuestro Delphi accedemos a

File->Open



Seleccionamos FFNNPackage.dpk de la carpeta "redes neuronales" y pulsamos "Abrir"



En el ProjectGroup1 hacemos clic con el botón derecho del ratón sobre FNNPackage.bpl y activamos el menú "Install"









Con lo que se instalará el componente TFFNN en la pestaña "Dataland" de la paleta de componentes.

Guardamos y cerramos el ProjectGroup1 con File->Save All, y después File->Close.

Ahora vamos a crear una nueva aplicación de prueba:

File->New-> VCL Forms Application - Delphi for Win32





Arrastramos de la paleta de componentes (pestaña "dataland") "TFFNN" a nuestro Form, creamos un TMemo, y 4 botones (Entrenar, Mostrar, Cargar patrón de entrenamiento, Guardar patrón de entrenamiento)











Después tendremos que indicar los parámetros de nuestra red neuronal:

InputCount (Nº de entradas)=1

InputMax (Máximo número de entradas)=8

InputMin (Mínimo número de entradas)=-1

OutputCount (Nº de salidas)=1

OutputMax (Máximo número de salidas)=10

OutputMin (Mínimo número de salidas)=9

En NLayers indicaremos el número de capas de nuestra red (En este caso tendrá sólo una capa) y el número de neuronas de cada capa=2

Hay que indicar que cuanto mayor sea el número de capas y de neuronas más tiempo tardará la red en conseguir un entrenamiento óptimo.





OBJETIVO DE LA RED

Es la simulación de la función: y= 10 + x





DEFINICIÓN DE BOTONES:

Botón "Cargar patrón de entrenamiento":

FFNN1.LoadFromFile('redneural1.txt');



Botón "Guardar patrón de entrenamiento":

FFNN1.SaveToFile('redneural1.txt');



RedNeural1.txt es un fichero de texto con los parámetros y variables de nuestra red neuronal, que no hay que modificar bajo ningún concepto.



Botón "Entrenar":

procedure TForm1.EntrenarClick(Sender: TObject);
var
i: Integer;
begin
for i:=1 to 10000 do begin

FFNN1.Input[1]:=i mod 7; //Pone la entrada
FFNN1.DesiredOutput[1]:=func( i mod 7 ); //Pone lo que queremos que salga
FFNN1.BackProp; //Entrena la red con este par de valores(In, Out).
{ Cuando se usan vectores: Input, Output y DesiredOutput usan índices entre 1 y Count (Input[1], Input[2], Output[1]...
Los índices: Input[0], Output[0] y DesiredOutput[0] son reservados por la aplicación }
end;
end;

Quizás en este caso no sea necesario llegar a que el índice del bucle "i" llegue a 10000 ya que lo que se hace es que cuando el valor del error cuadrático medio sea menor que 0,01 (P.ej) se detenga el cálculo.

El Error cuadrático medio se calcula desde FFNN1.GetAvgError







Botón "Mostrar":

procedure TForm1.MostrarClick(Sender: TObject);
var
r, t: Real;
i: Integer;
begin
for i:=0 to 6 do begin
r:=i;
FFNN1.Input[1]:=r; //Pone un valor a la neurona de entrada nº 1
FFNN1.CalcOut; //Calcula la salida de la red neuronal. Después de esta linea podremos leer la salida
t:=FFNN1.Output[1];
FFNN1.DesiredOutput[1]:=func( i ); //Calculamos el valor que deseamos tenga en la salida
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%f %f %f %f', [r, t, FFNN1.GetAvgError, FFNN1.GetMaxError]));
//Ambos errores son los mismos ya que tenemos 1 output (Avg = Max)
end;
end;

function TForm1.func(x: Real): Real;
begin
//Entrenamos a la red para reproducir esta función
Result:=10 + x;
end;

Abajo os muestro los resultados después de entrenar a la red, como véis los resultados obtenidos se parecen bastante a los esperados con lo que podemos afirmar que la red ha sido entrenada correctamente.

Ahora debemos guardar los parámetros de la red con FFNN1.SaveToFile('redneural1.txt'), de tal forma que la próxima vez que queramos simular la función y=10+x no sea necesario entrenarla ya que bastaría con cargar el patrón de red previamente guardado con FFNN1.LoadFromFile('redneural1.txt').

Como hacer hablar a Delphi - How to make Delphi to speak

Para que nuestras aplicaciones en Delphi puedan "hablar" lo primero que tenemos que hacer es guardar en la paleta "Additional" todos los componentes de la librería "Microsoft Speech Object Library" de la siguiente forma:

Ir a File->New-> Package Delphi for win 32

en el menú Component->Import Component y seleccionar "Import a type library"




Pulsar "Next>>" y en la relación de librerías registradas en tu sistema seleccionar

"Microsoft Speech Object Library" y pulsar "Next"

En la ventana siguiente indicar en Palette Page el item "additional" que es donde se guardarán cada uno de los componentes de esta librería

En la ventana siguiente marca "Add unit to ...."

y pulsa el botón "Finish"

Ahora vamos a cambiar el nombre al Package1.bpl y lo llamaremos SAPI.BPL

Pulsamos con el botón derecho del ratón sobre SAPI.BPL y ejecutamos el menú

"Compile" y después "Install"

Con lo que tendremos en la paleta "Additional" todos los componentes de la librería Microsoft Speech Object Library

Para que nuestra aplicación pueda reproducir voces (por ahora en inglés)

Tenemos que arrastrar el componente TSpVoice de la paleta "Additional" a nuestro Form y crear un botón con el siguiente código



procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

begin

spvoice1.Speak('hello who are you',0)

end;

How to convert a web app to use AJAX using D4PHP

How to update a MySQL DB with AJAX using D4PHP

GRN and CodeGear Delphi: King of Languages

Some Code Editor and Refactoring features in CodeGear Delphi

CodeGear C++ Builder... True RAD

ECO VCL.NET development with CodeGear RAD Studio

Build a Wordpad-like application with Delphi

Create the Interbase tables

Background

Next, create the table structures. This can be achieved in several ways. The easiest way is to take a simple text file, fill in the table structure, and "import" the structure to InterBase using IBConsole, as explained below. There is a separate section covering "Importing database changes using a SQL file" which will be of interest when you need to carry out the Importing process for the second time.

A simple text file has been provided with this guide (Tables.SQL) with illustrative file layouts. Change the layout(s) to the layout(s) you require, and import the structure into InterBase. You can change it easily later. Those who don't feel comfortable with what they are doing might want to see Creating tables - Tips, prior to "doing it".

Do it!

To create the tables:

Open "Tables.SQL" in any text editor (eg. Notepad, Delphi)


Change the file location within the "Connect" statement to the location to which you saved the Database


Change the "user" and "password" to the username and password used to create the database


Change the Table layout to the layout you want. (Want help with Datatypes? See InterBase Datatypes)


Save the file (Latest changes not used by InterBase? See Creating tables - Tips )


In the program IBConsole, click "Query, Load script"


Find the SQL file you saved, and click "Open".


Click "Query, Execute"


If you want the confirmation and/or the error messages to appear in the IBConsole window, click the "No" button. If you prefer them to be saved to disc in a simple text file, click the "Yes" button and give the program a file name and location to which the results will be written.


If successful - you will be told (well done!). (Failure? See Handling SQL script errors)

Web http://www.ibphoenix.com

Opening and closing a Database from Delphi

In the BDE, the Database is closed for you when you exit the program. This is not so with the InterBase Express components.
The solution is to have a IBDatabase1.close statement in the Form.OnClose event (or similar). If you forget to close the Database explicitly, it stays "open". If you try to open a database that is already open, using the TIBDatabase component, you get an error message. The solution is always to check with the database is open before opening it
(eg. of Delphi : if not (IBTransaction1.connected) then IBTransaction1.open; ) and closed before closing it (eg. of Delphi : if (IBTransaction1.connected) then IBTransaction1.close; - Note that when you close a database, the Transaction and any other component "connected" to that Database is also disconnected for you, whether you intended it or not.)

web http://www.ibphoenix.com

Creating indexes on Interbase

Indexes allow InterBase to locate data (dramatically) more quickly. An index has two key components to it - the field(s) that you will want to search on and whether the field(s) are unique (e.g. a Reference number will probably need to be unique, but you may well need to accommodate several people sharing a birth date or a last name).

One particular type of index that is usually needed is an index on the Field(s) which uniquely identify a record within a table (e.g. the unique reference number given to each record, or a Social Security ID, or a post code and House number/name combination within an Address table). This is called the Primary key. Those who don't feel comfortable with what they are doing might want to see Creating indexes - Tips, prior to "doing it".

Do it!
Creating the Primary Key

Open your "table.SQL" file.


Add a line at the bottom of the definition, immediately before the final ")", and add the phrase (with the comma in front)
, PRIMARY KEY (field)
where field is the name of the field(s) you want as the primary key, eg:
, PRIMARY KEY (REF) or another example: , PRIMARY KEY (LASTNAME, FIRSTNAME, POSTCODE)


If you have already created your table, see Creating indexes - Tips
Creating other Indexes

Open the "Indexes.SQL" file


Add a new index with the syntax (don't forget the semi-colon at the end):
CREATE INDEX NAME ON ANIMALS(NAME);
where "Animals" is the name of the table, and "Name" is the field on which to index (sort)

Web: http://www.ibphoenix.com

How to use IBDataset with a DataModule

Steps:
1 .- a Cree First Data Module, which will contain all components DB (querys, tables etc.). Ok
2 .- in the data block put the IBDataBase which will be used solely to be used throughout your application (the only other non habra ok)
3. Module in the same data (DataModule) put the IBQuerys the IBUpdates and IBTransaction .. OK
in IBQuery.SQL there you can put your select * from table (eye code but not under the inspector objects) ok.
4 .- then put the IBUpdateSQL connected to that query ok ..
5 .- then add your form unity Module data you created, so that they can gain access to components put in DataModule ok. (Uses name of the unit)
6 .- as you put the following components:
DataSource which connects to the IBQuery ok, then put a DBEdit this connect to the DataSource and then select the field you want to display in DBEdit (DataSource properties and DataField respectively)
7. There are other components as DBGrid and DBNavigator lso which connect like the DBEdit ok.
Well this is Oriented Programming to objects and thus do not have to do this to me mention:
With IBDataset1 do
Try
DisableControls;
SelectSQL.Add ( 'Select *');
SelectSQL.Add ( 'FROM products');
SelectSQL.Add ( 'where Name =' + Combobox1.Text);
Edit1.Text: = FloatToStr (IBDataset1.Fields.Fields [3]. AsFloat);
Finally
EnableControls;
End;

How to retrieve an InterBase Blob in Delphi using SavetoFile

There are several ways of retrieving InterBase Blob data within Delphi.
This example uses the SaveToFile method.

* Put TDatabase, TQuery, TDatasource and TDBGrid on the form.
* set the Tdatabase's fields as follow:
> Alias name to the BDE Alias.
> DatabaseName to something you wish.
> Connected to true
* Set the TQuery fields as follow:
> SQL to the sql statement to be executed, ie select * from
table1
> DatabaseName to the same name you've named in the
previouse step.

* Set the TDatasource field DataSet to the name
of the Tquery component. Default is query1.
* Set the TDBGrid field DataSource to the name of
the TDataSource component. Defualt is Datasource1.
* Go back to TQuery component and double click.
* Right click on the blank space on the windows said
"form1.query". And choose add fields.
* Select all the fields in the list and added.
* Drop a TButton on the form.
* Double click on the Tbutton.
* Add the following lines between begin and end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
query1image.savetofile('c:testimage.jpg');
end;



Note: image is the field name defined as blob.
And c:testimage.jpg is where the location of the
image file to be created.


* Save the project/form/unit. and Run.
* Click on the Button will retrieve a blob entry and create file image.jpg.

Web: http://delphi.about.com

How to insert an InterBase BLOb in Delphi using LoadFromFile

This is one way of inserting BLOB in Delphi. There are several ways
to accomplish this task. This example is just one way of doing it.
This example is using the LoadFromFile method.

Create a table in InterBase with a field that can store non-text Blobs:

create table table1 (images blob sub_type 0);

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Put TQuery and a Button on the form.

* Set the TQuery's properties:
> Alias name to the BDE Alias pointing to the database.
> SQL to the sql statement to be executed,
i.e. select images from table1
> RequestLive to True.
> Active to true.
* Go back to TQuery component and double click which will bring up a window
titled "form1.query".

* Right click on the blank space of form1.query and choose add fields.

* Select images in the list and add.

* Double click on the TButton.

* Add the following lines

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
query1.append;
query1images.loadfromfile('c:testimage.bmp');
query1.post;
end;


Note: images is the field name defined as blob.
And c:testimage.bmp is where the location of the
image file to be inserted.


* Save the project/form/unit and Run.

* Click on the Button will insert a blob entry.


To verify the Blob is inserted:

* Drop a Tdatasource and TDBImage component on the form.

* Set the properties of Tdatasource:
> Dataset to "query1"

* Set the properties of TDBImage:
>Datasource to "datasource1"
>Datafield to images


* Save the project and run. You should see the images displayed.

Note: By default, DBImage will only display bitmaps.

Web: http://delphi.about.com

Print a canvas

uses
  Printers;

procedure PrintCanvas(TextToPrint: string);
begin
  with Printer do
  begin
    BeginDoc;
    Canvas.TextOut(5, 50, TexttoPrint);
    EndDoc;
  end;
end;

Detect Printer status

function TestPrinterStatus(LPTPort: Word): Byte;
var
  Status: byte;
  CheckLPT: word;
begin
  Status := 0;
  if (LPTPort >= 1) and (LPTPort <= 3) then
  begin
    CheckLPT := LPTPort - 1;
    asm
      mov dx, CheckLPT;
      mov al, 0;
      mov ah, 2;
      int 17h;
      mov &Status, ah;
    end;
  end;
  Result := Status;
end;


{
  Pass in the LPT port number you want to check & get the following back:
  01h - Timeout
  08h - I/O Error
  10h - Printer selected
  20h - Out of paper
  40h - Printer acknowledgement
  80h - Printer not busy (0 if busy)

  Note:
  This function doesn't work under NT, it gives an access violation
  from the DOS interrupt call.
}

Autor: Colombo Gianluca
Homepage: http://www.digitstudios.com

Get the available printers

uses
printers;

ComboBox1.Items.Assign(Printer.Printers);

List print-jobs in a printer-queue

uses
  Winspool, Printers;

function GetCurrentPrinterHandle: THandle;
var
  Device, Driver, Port: array[0..255] of Char;
  hDeviceMode: THandle;
begin
  Printer.GetPrinter(Device, Driver, Port, hDeviceMode);
  if not OpenPrinter(@Device, Result, nil) then
    RaiseLastWin32Error;
end;

function SavePChar(p: PChar): PChar;
const
  error: PChar = 'Nil';
begin
  if not Assigned(p) then
    Result := error
  else
    Result := p;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
type
  TJobs  = array [0..1000] of JOB_INFO_1;
  PJobs = ^TJobs;
var
  hPrinter: THandle;
  bytesNeeded, numJobs, i: Cardinal;
  pJ: PJobs;
begin
  hPrinter := GetCurrentPrinterHandle;
  try
    EnumJobs(hPrinter, 0, 1000, 1, nil, 0, bytesNeeded,
      numJobs);
    pJ := AllocMem(bytesNeeded);
    if not EnumJobs(hPrinter, 0, 1000, 1, pJ, bytesNeeded,
      bytesNeeded, numJobs) then
      RaiseLastWin32Error;

    memo1.Clear;
    if numJobs = 0 then
      memo1.Lines.Add('No jobs in queue')
    else
      for i := 0 to Pred(numJobs) do
        memo1.Lines.Add(Format('Printer %s, Job %s, Status (%d): %s',
          [SavePChar(pJ^[i].pPrinterName), SavePChar(pJ^[i].pDocument),
          pJ^[i].Status, SavePChar(pJ^[i].pStatus)]));
  finally
    ClosePrinter(hPrinter);
  end;
end;

Autor: P. Below
Homepage: http://www.teamb.com

Check, if the current printer prints in color

uses
  Printers, WinSpool;

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  Dev, Drv, Prt: array[0..255] of Char;
  DM1: PDeviceMode;
  DM2: PDeviceMode;
  Sz: Integer;
  DevM: THandle;
begin
  Printer.PrinterIndex := -1;
  Printer.GetPrinter(Dev, Drv, Prt, DevM);
  DM1 := nil;
  DM2 := nil;
  Sz  := DocumentProperties(0, 0, Dev, DM1^, DM2^, 0);
  GetMem(DM1, Sz);
  DocumentProperties(0, 0, Dev, DM1^, DM2^, DM_OUT_BUFFER);
  if DM1^.dmColor > 1 then
    label1.Caption := Dev + ': Color'
  else
    label1.Caption := Dev + ': Black and White';
  if DM1^.dmFields and DM_Color <> 0 then
    Label2.Caption := 'Printer supports color printing'
  else
    Label2.Caption := 'Printer does not support color printing';
  FreeMem(DM1);
end;

Autor: Michael Winter